Sadly, workouts are rarely like sundaes

Every once in a while, I have a conversation that reminds me that I need to review the basics of something.  Someone recently asked me about working more on cardio.  This person basically forgot how interval training works, so I’m going to go over it for everyone.

What we are doing when we do cardio training is teaching our hearts and lungs to recover more quickly from exertion.  We do need some base cardio endurance for things like an unexpectedly long or steep hike, or surprise stairs.  We do want to be able to finish the dog walk without passing out.  One way to get that basic endurance is to do those things.  Walk for half an hour.  Hop on a bike or spin bike or elliptical trainer.  Go for a run.  This is called steady state cardio training.  We go at about the same speed for the whole time we’re doing whatever it is we’re doing.  It is a great way to begin, but not a great way to keep going forever.  Even people who do endurance events like century rides and marathons don’t just ride or run forever and think they’ve got enough training.

 

What we want to do, once we have enough oomph built up to do maybe fifteen minutes of steady-state cardio like brisk walking, is add intervals.  Intervals are short bursts of more intense work sprinkled across the workout.  If the workout were a sundae, intervals are the jimmies.

 

If we are working out on gym equipment, chances are that the machine already has a built-in interval program.  Chances are it is also not optimal, but it is an all right place to start.  A lot of those pre-programmed interval workouts have intervals that are too long—two of three minutes of harder work followed by the same amount of recovery.  Again, this is not a bad way to try interval training, but there is an easier way.

 

Whatever cardio thing we are doing, once we are warmed up, we want to add short (about a minute) bursts of intense activity to them.  So if we are fairly new to working out and we are doing a neighborhood walk for cardio, we go at our usual brisk pace until we’re warmed up.  Then we go as fast as we can to the end of the next block.  We slow back down until our heart rate and breathing recover, and then we do it again.  That minute is important, because in a minute we use up all our readily available quick-burn energy.  The other energy pathways available to us aren’t as easy to access and take more time.  We want to use the quick stuff and then give it a chance to refuel before burning it again.

 

The science shows that this kind of training improves general cardio fitness faster than steady state endurance cardio.  That means that when we do interval training, we are automatically making that steady state cardio easier.

 

Short version:  warm up; do a fast minute; do a slower minute or two; do a fast minute; do a slow minute or two; repeat until time to cool down; cool down; rest.